Electric and Hydrogen Fuels and Vehicles
This page last reviewed June 24, 2011
View Speaker Presentations from the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Showcase held June 23, 2011.
Background
There are two types of electric vehicles, battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell. Both types are considered zero emission vehicles (ZEV) under ARB’s ZEV regulation. Battery and fuel cell electric vehicles have several benefits, such as:
- zero or near-zero smog-forming emissions,
- reduced water pollution from oil leaks,
- lower greenhouse gas emissions (CO2),
- higher fuel economy,
- greater engine efficiency,
- much quieter and smoother operation.
More information about each type of technology is provided below along with charging and fueling information and links for additional information. Also, visit DriveClean.ca.gov to find out more about these and other clean technology vehicles that are available today.
Battery Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Battery electric vehicles (EVs) run on electricity stored in batteries and have
an electric motor rather than a gasoline engine. Over the years,
manufacturers have developed a wide range of EV types that include:
- Neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs) that can be used for short trips around town.
- City EVs with 50-75 miles range also for around town use.
- Full function EVs which can go up to 80 miles an hour and have a longer range.
In addition to pure battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) will also be an option for consumers. Although they are not pure ZEVs, they do have many benefits. Two types of PHEVs will be coming to market. Both offer miles of electric driving with electric motors powered by large battery packs charged by plugging into a source of electricity (wall outlet, solar panels). One PHEV type operates only on battery power until the engine is needed to provide energy to the batteries. The other PHEV type operates on a mix of battery and engine power. Both PHEVs provide all-electric range as well as improved fuel economy over conventional vehicles.
Charging
- Clean Car Maps
- Department of Energy's Alternative Fuel Data Center
- EV Charger News
- Green Car Journal Fueling Locations
Additional Information
- Advanced Clean Cars - ARB's new approach to controlling smog-causing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions.
- ARB’s ZEV program
- ARB's ZEV Infrastructure Information
- DriveClean.ca.gov battery electric vehicle information
- California Plug-in Electric Vehicle Collaborative
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are zero emission and run on compressed hydrogen fed
into a fuel cell "stack" that produces electricity to power the vehicle. A fuel cell can be used in combination with an electric motor
to drive a vehicle – quietly, powerfully and cleanly.
Fueling Stations
- California Fuel Cell Partnership hydrogen station map
- Clean car maps
- Department of Energy's Alternative Fuel Data Center
- Green Car Journal Fueling Locations
Additional Information
- California Hydrogen Highway Network
- California Fuel Cell Partnership - Mobile Sources
- California Stationary Fuel Cell Collaborative - Stationary Sources
- DriveClean.ca.gov information on hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen internal combustion vehicles.
- Hydrogen Production - SB 1505
- Clean Fuel Outlets - ARB Regulation for requiring infrastructure to meet the needs of vehicles placed in California
- Hydrogen Quality Regulation - California Department of Food and Agriculture's Division of Measurement Standards
- California 2004 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Guide
- Fuel Cell Report: Status and Prospects of Fuel Cells as Automobile Engines - A report of the 1998 Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Panel


